I assume, there is a circle of radius r = 1, on origin (0,0). And there is a point on the circle as (x,y)
Sine theta = y/r ==> x (distance of point from origin on x-axis) = r * Cos theta
Cos theta = x/r ==> y (distance of point from origin on y-axix) = y * Sin theta
Now, to generate any point within the circle, we can use above two equations. We need to generate two numbers: one for r and second for theta. The number for r should be between 0 and r so that its not away from the origin more than r. We can generate a random number between 0 and r. It would control the distance. Second parameter is Theta. Theta controls where this point should lie from between 0 and 2*Pi (360 degree). So, we need to generate a random number between 0 and 1 and multiply it with 2* Pi. This would give us angle value between 0 and 2* Pi (360 degree).
Thus,
r = random * 1; // it's pseudo code
Theta = 2 * Pi * (random*1); // theta
x = r * Cos Theta
y = r * Sine Theta.
